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I want to discuss the recent decrease in large apex predators, both terrestrial and marine, and the huge impacts they have had on ecosystems due to a tropic cascading effect known as top-down forcing.  I was inspired by a recent study illustrating the huge implications top down forcing has had on not only the abundance of species in lower tropic levels, but farther reaching ecosystem process, disease, soil and water quality.  The article challenges current wildlife

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I want to discuss the recent decrease in large apex predators, both terrestrial and marine, and the huge impacts they have had on ecosystems due to a tropic cascading effect known as top-down forcing.  I was inspired by a recent study illustrating the huge implications top down forcing has had on not only the abundance of species in lower tropic levels, but farther reaching ecosystem process, disease, soil and water quality.  The article challenges current wildlife